parental strains e coli atcc 25922  (ATCC)

Journal: Antibiotics

Article Title: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Nitroxoline as an Effective Antimicrobial Alternative to Poultry Production

doi: 10.3390/antibiotics15010062

Figure Lengend Snippet: NTX-resistant mutant selection and stability. ( a ) Spontaneous mutation frequency of NTX resistance in wild-type S. enterica and E. coli strains was measured at 2×, 4×, and 8× MIC (8, 16, and 32 mg/L) after 48 h incubation at 37 °C. The resistance of colonies was supported by their ability to grow on NTX-containing media at the indicated concentrations. The frequency of resistance was determined by dividing the number of resistant mutants by the total number of cells determined by using dilutions of the overnight culture on agar media. Data are presented as mean ± Standard Error of the Mean (SEM) from two technical replicates ( n = 2). No mutations were observed at the concentration of 4× or 8× MIC (16 and 32 µg/mL, respectively). ( b ) MIC fold changes in selected mutant relative to their parental strains from ( a ). Parent–mutant pairs are indicated by vertical dotted lines. ( c ) Serial passage induction of the resistance to NTX against reference (hollow circle) and wild-type (solid star) E. coli and S. enterica . The y axis is the MIC-fold change in the tested isolates. Data are presented as mean ± SEM from two biological replicates ( n = 2). ( d ) Stability of NTX resistance mutations in two mutants from E. coli ATCC 25922 (Mut ATCC-D13 and Mut ATCC-D14) and two mutants from E. coli DSM 103263 (Mut DSM-D8 and Mut DSM-D14) in the absence of NTX. Mutant stability was quantified as the percentage of mutants in the original bacterial population, calculated by dividing the viable mutant cell count resistant to NTX by the total population and multiplying by a factor of 100. Three biological and two technical replicates were performed for each strain. Data are presented as mean ± SEM ( n = 3 biological replicates, each with two technical replicates).

Article Snippet: Parental strains E. coli ATCC 25922 and E. coli DSM 103263 were patched on drug-free medium only as controls.

Techniques: Mutagenesis, Selection, Incubation, Concentration Assay, Cell Characterization

Journal: Microorganisms

Article Title: Antimicrobial Peptides from Rat-Tailed Maggots of the Drone Fly Eristalis tenax Show Potent Activity against Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria

doi: 10.3390/microorganisms8050626

Figure Lengend Snippet: Reference strains and the activity of the Eristalis tenax peptides against them. Gray shading = Gram-positive, no shading = Gram-negative; pink shading = acid-fast bacteria and yeast.

Article Snippet: No mutants with a lower MICs as compared to the parent E. coli ATCC 25922 strain were generated ( ).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Bacteria, Concentration Assay

Journal: Microorganisms

Article Title: Antimicrobial Peptides from Rat-Tailed Maggots of the Drone Fly Eristalis tenax Show Potent Activity against Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria

doi: 10.3390/microorganisms8050626

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characterization of the MIC value distribution of four AMPs against the clinical isolates.

Article Snippet: No mutants with a lower MICs as compared to the parent E. coli ATCC 25922 strain were generated ( ).

Techniques:

Journal: Microorganisms

Article Title: Antimicrobial Peptides from Rat-Tailed Maggots of the Drone Fly Eristalis tenax Show Potent Activity against Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria

doi: 10.3390/microorganisms8050626

Figure Lengend Snippet: Antibacterial activity of the Eristalis tenax AMPs under simulated physiological conditions a .

Article Snippet: No mutants with a lower MICs as compared to the parent E. coli ATCC 25922 strain were generated ( ).

Techniques: Activity Assay

Journal: Microorganisms

Article Title: Antimicrobial Peptides from Rat-Tailed Maggots of the Drone Fly Eristalis tenax Show Potent Activity against Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria

doi: 10.3390/microorganisms8050626

Figure Lengend Snippet: Activity of Eristalis tenax peptides in the presence of sub-MIC concentrations of colistin.

Article Snippet: No mutants with a lower MICs as compared to the parent E. coli ATCC 25922 strain were generated ( ).

Techniques: Activity Assay

Journal: Microorganisms

Article Title: Antimicrobial Peptides from Rat-Tailed Maggots of the Drone Fly Eristalis tenax Show Potent Activity against Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria

doi: 10.3390/microorganisms8050626

Figure Lengend Snippet: Interaction between EtDip and colistin. ( A ) Checkerboard assay against E. coli ATCC 25922, P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and A. baumannii ATCC 19606 in cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth ( CAMB ) depicted as an isobologram. ( B ) Calculated FIC index (fractional inhibitory concentration index) values against E. coli , P. aeruginosa ( P. aer. ), and A. baumannii ( A. bau. ) in CAMB, CAMB adjusted to 150 mM NaCl (+NaCl ), and CAMB adjusted to 1.25 mM CaCl 2 (+CaCl 2 ). FIC index values ≤0.5 indicate synergy.

Article Snippet: No mutants with a lower MICs as compared to the parent E. coli ATCC 25922 strain were generated ( ).

Techniques: Concentration Assay

Journal: Microorganisms

Article Title: Antimicrobial Peptides from Rat-Tailed Maggots of the Drone Fly Eristalis tenax Show Potent Activity against Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria

doi: 10.3390/microorganisms8050626

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of sub-MIC concentrations of polymyxin derivatives on the activity of Eristalis tenax peptides against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922.

Article Snippet: No mutants with a lower MICs as compared to the parent E. coli ATCC 25922 strain were generated ( ).

Techniques: Activity Assay

Journal: Microorganisms

Article Title: Antimicrobial Peptides from Rat-Tailed Maggots of the Drone Fly Eristalis tenax Show Potent Activity against Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria

doi: 10.3390/microorganisms8050626

Figure Lengend Snippet: Development of resistance in E. coli ATCC 25922 cultures during 30 consecutive days of serial passaging in the presence of sub-MIC concentrations of EtCec1-a. The data show fold-changes in MIC for ( A ) EtCec1-a, ( B ) colistin, and ( C ) gentamicin ( n = 3).

Article Snippet: No mutants with a lower MICs as compared to the parent E. coli ATCC 25922 strain were generated ( ).

Techniques: Passaging